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|command_structure= |garrison=Paris, France (1951–1967) Mons, Belgium (1967–present) |garrison_label=Location |motto=''Vigilia Pretium Libertatis'', Latin for "The Price of Freedom is Vigilance". |colors= |colors_label= |march= |battles= |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= |disbanded= |commander1=General Philip M. Breedlove, United States Air Force |commander1_label= Supreme Allied Commander Europe |commander2= General Sir Adrian Bradshaw, British Army |commander2_label= Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe |commander3=General Werner Freers, German Army |commander3_label=Chief of Staff |notable_commanders= |Inaugural Holder= General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, United States Army }} Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's Allied Command Operations. Since 1967 it has been located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons,〔SHAPE, 7010 Casteau Belgium (【引用サイトリンク】title=SHAPE on NATO homepage )〕 but it had previously been located, from 1953, at Rocquencourt, next to Versailles, France. From 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe, ACE. Since 2003 it has been the headquarters of Allied Command Operations (ACO), controlling all NATO operations worldwide. SHAPE retained its traditional name with reference to Europe for legal reasons although the geographical scope of its activities was extended in 2003.〔Pedlow, (Evolution of NATO's Command Structure 1951-2009 ).〕 At that time, NATO's command in Lisbon, historically part of the Atlantic command, was reassigned to ACO. The commander of Allied Command Operations has also retained the title "Supreme Allied Commander Europe" (SACEUR), and continues to be a U.S. four-star general officer or flag officer who also serves as Commander, U.S. European Command. ==History== An integrated military structure for NATO was first established after the Korean War raised questions over the strength of Europe's defences against a Soviet attack. The first choice for commander in Europe was American General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, as he had successfully directed the Allied landings and subsequent march into Germany during World War II,〔NATO, (History of SHAPE and Allied Command Operations ), updated 14 March 2007〕 amid many inter-Allied controversies over the proper conduct of the campaign on the Western Front. On December 19, 1950, the North Atlantic Council announced the appointment of General Eisenhower as the first SACEUR. British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery moved over from the predecessor Western Union Defence Organization (WUDO) to become the first Deputy SACEUR, who would serve until 1958. Volume 3 of Nigel Hamilton's ''Life of Montgomery of Alamein'' gives a good account of Montgomery's exacting, tireless approach to improving the command's readiness, which however caused a good deal of bruised feelings in doing so. In establishing the command, the first NATO planners drew extensively on WUDO plans and personnel. General Eisenhower arrived in Paris on January 1, 1951, and quickly set to work with a small group of planners to devise a structure for the new European command. The Planning Group worked in the Hotel Astoria in central Paris while construction of a permanent facility began at Rocquencourt, just west of the city, at Camp Voluceau. Devising command arrangements in the Central Region, which contained the bulk of NATO’s forces, proved to be much more complicated.〔Pedlow〕 General Eisenhower considered naming an overall commander-in-chief there as well but soon realized it would be difficult to find an arrangement that would satisfy all three major powers with forces in the Center-the United States, United Kingdom and France- because they had strongly differing views on the proper relationship of air and ground power. Drawing upon his World War II experience, Eisenhower decided to retain overall control himself and did not appoint a CINC for the Central Region. Instead there would be three separate commanders-in-chief (air, land, and sea). In December 1950 it was announced that the forces initially to come under General Eisenhower's command were to be the Seventh United States Army in Germany, the British Army of the Rhine, with 2nd Infantry Division & 7th Armoured Divisions, to be bolstered by 11th Armoured Division and a further infantry division, three French divisions in Germany and Austria, the Danish, Belgian, and the Independent Norwegian Brigades in Western Germany, and the American and British garrisons in Austria, Trieste, and Berlin. Four days after Eisenhower's arrival in Paris, on 5 January 1951, the Italian defence minister, Randolfo Pacciardi, announced that three Italian divisions were to be formed as Italy's 'initial contribution to the Atlantic army’, and that these divisions would also come under Eisenhower's control.〔Brian L. Davis, NATO Forces: An Illustrated Reference to their Organization and Insignia, Blandford Press, London, 1988, p.20〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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